Slavery and the slave trade in eastern africa preliminary mss submitted on 2 april 2014 to unescos volume on forced migration of africans, to appear on unescos website for the slave route project. Slave trade and slavery on the swahili coast 15001750 halshs. Transsaharan slave trade history of world civilization ii. There was increasing concern about the unregulated slave trade from east africa to the middle east and to the islands in the indian office.
African slaves in the arab world posted gmt 1032006 14. Indian ocean slave trade, slaves were taken from eastern africa and shipped. People traded were not limited to a certain race, ethnicity, or religion. Saharan slave trade handout attached venn diagram attached pens, pencils, markers computer paper. The slavetrade must be seen in the context of earlier, wellestablished, and profitable long distance trade which was based overwhelmingly on ivory. Arab slave trade refers to the practice of slavery in the arab world. Although the atlantic slave trade was the shortest in duration, it was the largest and.
This paper offers an integrated analysis of the forces shaping the emergence of the african slave trade over the early modern period. Slavery and the slave trades in the indian ocean and arab. Eastern africa and shipped either to the middle east and india or to plantation islands in the indian ocean. This in turn increased demand for slavegrown products in some arab countries which adopted the european capitalist plantation slavery system, such as zanzibar. Thus, studies of the east african slave trade and the use of slaves have emphasized omani participation and influence as well as french demand. The arab muslim slave trade of africans, the untold story. The history and legacy of the arab slave trade and the indian. Slavery and the slave trade in eastern africa preliminary mss submitted on 2 april 2014 to unescos volume on forced migration of africans, to appear on unescos website for the slave. The origins of the african slave trade can be traced back to the age of exploration in the 15th century. The three eras themselves also form a palimpsest, with. The rise and fall of the slave trade openlearn open. The the hidden history of arab slave trade of africans. The history and legacy of the arab slave trade and the indian ocean slave trade kindle edition by charles river editors.
Nc civic education consortium database of k12 resources. Madagascar and the slave trade, 181018951 cambridge core. Comparing the african slave trade in the east and west handout attached overview of the transatlantic slave trade handout attached overview of the transsaharan slave trade handout attached venn diagram attached pens, pencils, markers computer paper. It was once part of the route for a slave trade known as the oriental or eastern slave trade. Some of the people shipped out of africa as slaves were returned and resettled in countries like liberia and sierra leone after the abolition of slave trade. The economic, political, and social impact of the atlantic slave trade on africa. Slave capturing was essentially an african venture, with africans playing the roles of enslavers and enslaved.
Article pdf available january 2006 with 1,757 reads how we measure reads. The eastern slave trade between the middle east, north africa. Publication date 1874 topics slave trade publisher. In east africa a slave trade was well established before the europeans arrived on the scene. Concerning east africa, the missionary ex plorer dr. Central africa development of the slave trade britannica. Eastern africa and shipped either to the middle east and india. The east african slave trade, 18611895 however, austen, like so many africanists before him, misses the vital role of madagascar in the east african slave trade. This population, while divided into numerous ethnic, linguistic, and political.
How europe underdeveloped africa abahlali basemjondolo. Unfortunately for them, muslim traders had a complete monopoly over the trade routes to the far east. The distinguishing feature of the malagasy slave trade in the nineteenth century was the coexistence of two competitive slave networks, the one feeding malagasy slaves to meet the demand of longdistance and regional markets in the western indian ocean, and the other channelling malagasy war captives and east african slaves on to the markets of imerina. In the red sea slave trade, slaves were taken from inland of the red sea and shipped to the middle east and india.
Abolition the act the abolition of the slave trade act was passed on 25 march 1807, declaring that from the 1 may 1807 all manner of dealing and reading in the purchase, sale, barter, or transfer of slaves or of persons intending to be sold, transferred, used, or dealt with. Guide the discussion to include the following groups. African rulers had been engaged in slavery for many centuries already, capturing slaves for their own use or for sale to the middle east. The slave trade and the origins of mistrust in africa. Winner of the portuguese academy of history award gulbenkian foundation award in history 2019 in the portuguese slave trade in early modern japan. This includes a wide range of documents from across the national archives. In 1450, a west african population of perhaps 20 to 25 persons million lived in relative stability. The spread and eradication of smallpox smallpox cdc. The transatlantic slave trade was essentially a triangular route from europe to africa. Inform students that in 2003, a conference on arabled slavery of africans was. Indian ocean and middle eastern slave trades african. Slavery and the british transatlantic slave trade the national. District courts in the states of alabama, georgia, north carolina, and south carolina 5780 jonesboro road morrow, georgia 30260 770 9682100 morrow. Multiple forms of slavery and servitude have existed throughout african history and were shaped by indigenous practices of slavery as well as the roman institution of slavery citation needed and the later christian views on slavery, the islamic institutions of slavery via the arab slave trade, and eventually the atlantic slave trade.
Like arab sources, european documents rarely refer to slaves and the slave trade during the sixteenth and. The slave trade of east africaappendix wikisource, the. They also campaigned against slavery in india and east africa. The african slave trade a selection of cases from the records of the u. Within some essays are links to related sections of the website. The plantations were established in the americas instead, and the expensive transatlantic slave trade was necessary to bring them labour. Nc standards for world university of north carolina at.
This eastern slave trade was different to the slave trade across the atlantic ocean the transatlantic slave trade from africa to the americas and the. Some descendants of african slaves brought to the middle east during the slave trade still live there today, and are aware of their african origins. East africa s forgotten slave trade over several centuries countless east africans were sold as slaves by muslim arabs to the middle east and other places via the sahara desert and indian ocean. Moreover, the controversial status of swahili populations in the modern states of east africa, and more generally the. After a few minutes of brainstorming, ask for the students responses. In east africa neither of these conditions was matched. Europeans had become quite addicted to the luxuries of exotic spices, silks and porcelain that could only be found in asia. Arab slave trade simple english wikipedia, the free. Mozambique and the ngoni people scattered across east, central and southern africa were all familiar with the institution of slavery.
The slavetrade must be seen in the context of earlier, wellestablished, and profitable long distance trade which was based. He claims that the east african slave trade had been continuous and massive. Gujarati traders were already crisscrossing the ocean for biashara with the swahili coast of eastern africa. Ask students in small groups to make a list of the groups that played a role in the slave trade. From the 7th century enslaved africans were taken to the middle east, north africa and india. The east african slave trade reached its peak during this period, as a result of the european capitalist plantation slavery system.
The 19th century islamic slave trade from east africa. Nairobi, 1967, and half a dozen other titles suggested therein for further. Slave trade in east africa began after the arrival of portuguese in 15 th century up to 1873 during the sayyid barghash treaty or free treaty. It delves into the past only because otherwise it would be impossible to understand how the present came into being and what the trends are for the near future. By the 18th and 19th centuries, the east african slave trade network came to be dominated by european colonialists. The economics of the indian ocean slave trade in the nineteenth century. The arab slave trade was the practice of slavery in the arab world, mainly in western asia, north africa, east africa, and certain parts of europe such as iberia and sicily during their period of domination by arab leaders.
Walter rodney 1973 preface this book derives from a concern with the contemporary african situation. Aug 21, 20 having thus examined the present condition and circumstances of the east coast slave trade, and the reasons assignable for its existence, let us proceed to the consideration of some means which may be adopted in mitigation of the evils brought on africa by that trade, or, as suggested by the bishop of mauritius, the employment by christian charity of the same means on the east coast as have. However, a significant number of former slaves remained and. Britain continued its efforts to abolishing this trade by moving its west african squadron to the persian gulf. All three of the images below depict european images of. Having thus examined the present condition and circumstances of the east coast slave trade, and the reasons assignable for its existence, let us proceed to the consideration of some means which may be adopted in mitigation of the evils brought on africa by that trade, or, as suggested by the bishop of mauritius, the employment by christian charity of the same means on the east coast as. It figures prominently in the earliest reference to trading activities on the east african coast. It is difficult to gauge the numeric dimensions of the east african slave trade, in part because unlike the atlantic trade traders produced little documentation and most of the trade existed beyond the view of western observers who account for our usual source for such quantitative data. European and muslim buyers would meet african slave providers in trading posts and.
The portuguese slave trade in early modern japan merchants. Some of the history of these countries, however, is naturally mentioned in this history of the rest of africa but is kept to the minimum needed to make the rest comprehensible. Where the slaves came from, as well as where they settled and how many there. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. The trade was focused on the slave markets of the middle east, north africa and the horn of africa. Slaves dominated the west african trade from the first. Europeans had long been familiar with parts of africa. The largest and most studied of the slave trades is the transatlantic trade slave trade, where beginning in the. Moreover, as i would like to argue below, the rise of the african slave trade is also a clear example of an institution whose evolution is endogenous to the socioeconomic environment. The causes and consequences of africas slave trades.
Europeans bought slaves, they did not obtain them through europeanled raids. The malagasy market for east african slaves is noted by duffy, alpers, and capela, but none indicate its extent, while only alpers attempts an explanation for its existence. The portuguese moved back into northern central africa when the french trade declined, and brazil bought more slaves than ever before from central africa in the first half of the century, continuing to use slaves until the 1880s. The transatlantic slave trade minister of arts and culture.
The east african slave trade on the other hand, or the indian ocean slave trade as it was also known, was a far more complex and nuanced phenomenon, far older, significantly more widespread, rooted in ancient traditions, and governed by rules very different to those in the western hemisphere. The longterm effects of africas slave trades harvard university. Trade in east africa a very short introduction to a very. Comparing the african slave trade in the east and west handout attached overview of the transatlantic slave trade handout attached overview of the trans. This is a short history of africa excluding egypt, ethiopia and dutch and british south africa, which are the subjects of separate histories. Pdf the economic, political, and social impact of the. Thomas vernet to cite this version hal archive ouverte. A number of characteristics of africa s slave trades make them distinct from previous slave trades. How did the eastern slave trade compare with the atlantic slave trade. It also includes parts of europe such as iberia and sicily beginning during the era of the muslim conquests and continuing into the 20th century. The abolition of the slave trade act was passed on 25 march 1807, declaring that. The trade was conducted through slave markets in the middle east, north africa and the horn of.
East african ivory is soft ivory and is ideal for carving, and was always in great demand. Jan 22, 2015 it may be well, in directing the attention of our readers to the slave trade at present carried on with all the horrors of the old trade, upon the east coast of africa, to call to remembrance the circumstances under which the battle of the west coast slave trade was fought and won. Two dimensions to slavery and the slave trade there were two dimensions to slavery and the slave trade in precolonial africa, an external and internal dimension. This anthology, based on an academic conference, includes chapters with wide geographic coverage of the indian ocean slave trade from east africa to the red sea, the persian gulf, madagascar, and the mascarenes. This is mainly in western asia, north africa, southeast africa, the horn of africa. He worked for a succession of the sultans of zanzibar. The longterm effects of africas slave trades center for effective. It was driven by the sultanates of the middle east. The indian ocean stretches between the east coast of africa and the west coast of india.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the east african slave trade. The slave trade of east africa wikisource, the free online library. Exactly one hundred years have passed since granville sharpe gave to the world the result of his enquiries. The transatlantic slave trade was brought to an end in the mid 1800s, at a time, eltis claims, when slaves were fetching record prices suggesting that its demise was influenced by moral considerations developing beliefs and culture of the country. So, the slave trade was cyclical, with certain parts of africa coming to prominence during certain eras of the trade. Slavery and slave trade in west africa, 14501930 patrick manning. Although the number of slaves traded in the indian ocean never reached the level of the west african atlantic slave trade, european abolitionists focused a substantial portion of their efforts in the 19th century on zanzibar. All three of the images below depict european images of africa from the late middle ages and the renaissancebefore the slave trade. Slavery and the slave trades in the indian ocean and. European traders loaded african captives at dozens of points on the african coast, from senegambia to angola and round the cape to mozambique. Because the slave trade resulted in a longterm deterioration of legal and political institutions, the residents of heavily affected regions may now. Smallpox is thought to arrive to the area from asia through major trade routes, like the silk road.
Walter rodney 1973 how europe underdeveloped africa. In the indian ocean slave trade, slaves were taken from eastern africa and shipped either to the middle east and india or to plantation islands in the indian ocean. Sudan, the coast of east africa from ethiopia to mozambique, the salhelian. In the slave trade today, on sean ocallaghan toured the mideast and africa and covertly visited many slave markets. The history and legacy of the arab slave trade and the indian ocean slave trade at. European slave traders, arab slave traders, african slave traders, tribal chiefs, american. In this sense the slave trade was the result of african strength. Slavery and slave trade within east africa were well established before the. The transatlantic slave trade was an oceanic trade in african men, women, and children which lasted from the midsixteenth century until the 1860s. The east african slave trade, historical association of. Since islam allows for slavery and slave trading, he was able to see much of the real world of islamic slavery. V historic personalities who fought against the black slave trade, slaves. Slave trade and slavery on the swahili coast, 15001750 39 the african interior. Estimates because the voyages database is built from those documents of the slave trade that have.
It is difficult to gauge the numeric dimensions of the east african slave trade, in part. Intra african trade in context a frica, which covers approximately 30 million square kilometers, is the secondlargest con. East african coastal cities participated in a larger afroasian trade network a thousand years before vasco da gama peeked around the cape of good hope to find the way to sail to india. The move to end slave trading was not always welcomed by those african nations. The 19th century islamic slave trade from east africa swahili and red sea coasts. The map shows the ottoman empire in 1801, which then extended from turkey anatolia to greece, hungary, bulgaria, romania, as well as northern africa and parts of middle east. The institution of slavery in zanzibar and pemba the web site. The slave trade of east africa wikisource, the free online. First, the total volume of slaves traded was unprecedented.